April 2: World Autism Awareness Day

Céline Arétin, culture, women's issues and environment correspondent, April 2, 2025

Origin and goals of this day

World Autism Awareness Day was established by the United Nations in 2007 and is celebrated every year on April 2. Its goal is to inform the public about the realities of autism, which affects about 1 in 100 children worldwide according to the WHO. This day highlights the challenges faced by autistic people, particularly regarding access to education, employment and healthcare.

What is autism?

Autism, or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests through changes in social interaction, communication and behavior. Signs generally appear before age 3 and may include repetitive behaviors, increased sensitivity to sensory stimuli, and difficulty making eye contact.

What are the causes of autism?

The causes of autism involve both genetic and environmental factors, with research indicating that hereditary influences account for about 80% of the risk of developing this disorder. Environmental factors during pregnancy, such as viral infections, exposure to certain pollutants, or complications at birth, can also increase the risk. Studies have also shown that factors such as advanced parental age, premature birth or low birth weight could slightly increase the risk of ASD. Autism does not have a single cause, but results from a combination of genetic predispositions and external conditions influencing brain development.

Daily challenges faced by autistic people

Communication and social interaction difficulties often make interactions with others complex, which can lead to isolation. Sensory hypersensitivity is common and can cause intense reactions to noises, lights or physical contact. These characteristics sometimes make schooling, employment access, or social relationships difficult. In France, about 90% of autistic adults are unemployed, partly due to a lack of accommodations in the workplace. Emotional regulation difficulties are also common, sometimes leading to meltdowns in response to frustration or sudden change. In schools, accommodations such as personalized support (AESH aides), the use of pictograms, or the creation of sensory retreat spaces can improve daily life for autistic students.